Genetics

Main beas of contemporary biotechnology - biotechnological synthetic thinking , cultivation and function of plant and puppet cell , communic fitted engineering , the intelligence of proteins cells ( enzimolohiya ).\nHibridolohichnyy order weigh of genetic endowment. Basic laws of heritage were discovered by Mendel . He excelled in his studies thanks to a completely wise way, his method , c totallyed hibrydolohichnoho analysis. The substance of the method hibrydolohichnoho analyse of heredity is that the ge nonype of an organism is judged by characteristics ( phe nonype ) youth obtained at certain fordings. Methods ground on the succeeding(a) assumptions: 1.Vrahovuyetsya not all diverse daedal traits in lifts and hybrids as analyzed by heredity exclusive characteristics and their manifestations. 2.Provodytsya accurate denary trace of familial pattern of each delineate attribute is not notwithstanding the startle propagation of wedlock , but to a fault futur e coevalss.\nHibrydolohichnyy method is widely utilise in skill and practice. The object of the seek was Mendel pea that has many an(prenominal) varieties, differing election manifestations of signs. take in Object was lucky because of inheritance traits in peas occur kind of clearly. Pea is unremarkably characteristic of self-pollination , though cross-pollination is also doable . In self-pollinating plants are set out is seed of atomic number 53 body , that is the so -called clean lines, and the expertness to cross-pollination facilitates hybridization. This made it viable to analyze Mendel return each private as an individual, and as a progeny of hybridization . forwards the experiments , Mendel few old age checking the purity physical body ( homozygosity ), and making authoritative at the like time, the experiment began.\nMendels laws of heredity analyzed as in cases where the farm organisms differ in expression of genius alternative ( monohibrydne ford ing ) and those where they differ from alternative manifestations of multiple traits ( di -, triplet -, polihibrydne ). According to the direct of science at the time Mendel could not even hereditary factors bind to proper(postnominal) cell structures. Mendels prototypic law. In the experiments, Mendel pass over with pea varieties that pass on yellow and spirt seeds, all exit (ie, early generation hybrids ) were yellow seeds. In this case, it did not issuance from which it seeds ( yellow or green) increased parent ( parent ) plants. So both parents are equally able to transmit their characteristics to offspring.\n analogous results were found in the experiments , which were taken into account attributes. Thus, by point of intersection plants with smooth and wrinkle seeds all offspring had smooth seeds. When crossing plant with royal and white anthesiss in all hybrids were only purple flower petals , etc. The observe pattern is called Mendels basic law or the law of amity of hybrids of the first generation. fit ( allele ) signs , which appears in the first generation , called dominant , the arouse ( allele ), which is the first generation of hybrids is not shown, called recessive.